Why Fossil Fuel Exporters Must Accept their Emissions Liability
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.15691/0718-5448Vol8Iss2a501Mots-clés :
Fossil Fuel Exports, Just Transition, Climate Risks, State agency, Climate justiceRésumé
As the window of opportunity to limit global heating reduces, it is now morally and practically indefensible for states to advocate for domestic emissions reductions while simultaneously championing fossil fuel exports. The practice of exporting fossil fuels and its influence on global emissions must receive greater scrutiny. In this paper we explain why states should reduce their fossil fuel exports, highlight the extent of the problem, and explore some possible solutions: States must accept that action on climate change must include reducing their direct domestic emissions as well as the emissions associated with their fossil fuel exports.Lack of consideration of the impact of export emissions is a significant roadblock to climate action. National (and ambitious) emissions targets should include targets to reduce export emissions and domestic emissions. The COP process needs to fully acknowledge the need for a plan to phase out all fossil fuels, including reductions in exportsRéférences
BHP. (2018). Scope 3 Emissions Calculation Methodology 2018. https://www.bhp.com/-/media/documents/investors/annual-reports/2018/bhpscoper3emissionscalculationmethodology2018.pdf?la=en
Bolton, P., Despres, M., Da Silva, L. A. P., Samama, F., & Svartzman, R. (2020). “The green swan: Central banking and financial stability in the age of climate change” In BIS Books. Bank for International Settlements. https://www.bis.org/publ/othp31.pdf
Caldara, D., Cavallo, M., & Iacoviello, M. (2019). “Oil price elasticities and oil price fluctuations”. Journal of Monetary Economics, 103, 1–20. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmoneco.2018.08.004
Caldecott, B., Harnett, E., Cojoianu, T., Kok, I., & Pfeiffer, A. (2016). Stranded assets: a climate risk challenge. IADB Publications.
Eggleston, H. S., Buendia, L., Miwa, K., Ngara, T., & Tanabe, K. (2006). 2006 IPCC guidelines for national greenhouse gas inventories. https://www.ipcc.ch/report/2006-ipcc-guidelines-for-national-greenhouse-gas-inventories/
Erickson, P., Green, F., Hagem, C., & Pye, S. (2022). Expert Letter: The likely effect of Shell’s Reduction Obligation on oil and gas markets and green-house gas emissions. Milieudefensie. https://en.milieudefensie.nl/news/first-expert-statement
Erickson, P., & Lazarus, M. (2014). “Impact of the Keystone XL pipeline on global oil markets and greenhouse gas emissions”. Nature Climate Change, 4(9), 778–781. https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate2335
Erickson, P., Lazarus, M., & Piggot, G. (2018). “Limiting fossil fuel production as the next big step in climate policy”. Nature Climate Change, 8, 1037–1043. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-018-0337-0
Farand, C. (2022, April 4). Saudi Arabia dilutes fossil fuel phase out language with techno fixes in IPCC report. Climate Home News. https://www.climatechangenews.com/2022/04/04/saudi-arabia-dilutes-fossil-fuel-phase-out-language-with-techno-fixes-in-ipcc-report/
Hamilton, J. D. (2009). “Understanding crude oil prices”. The Energy Journal, 30(2).
Hart, H. L. A., & Honoré, T. (1985). Causation in the Law. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198254744.001.0001
Kutz, C. (2000). Complicity: Ethics and law for a collective age. Cambridge Uni-versity Press.
Lepora, C., & Goodin, R. E. (2013). On complicity and compromise. Oxford University Press.
McGrath, M. (2022, November 10). COP27: Sharp rise in fossil fuel industry delegates at climate summit. BBC News. https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-63571610
Mercure, J.-F., Pollitt, H., Viñuales, J. E., Edwards, N. R., Holden, P. B., Chew-preecha, U., Salas, P., Sognnaes, I., Lam, A., & Knobloch, F. (2018). “Macroeconomic impact of stranded fossil fuel assets”. Nature Climate Change, 8(7), 588–593. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-018-0182-1
Milieudefensie. (2023). Our climate case against Shell. https://en.milieudefensie.nl/climate-case-shell
Net Zero Tracker. (2022). Net zero stocktake 2022. https://zerotracker.net/analysis/net-zero-stocktake-2022
Oreskes, N., & Conway, E. M. (2011). Merchants of doubt: How a handful of scientists obscured the truth on issues from tobacco smoke to global warming. Bloomsbury Publishing.
Pulver, S. (2011). “Corporate Responses”. In J. S. Dryzek, R. B. Norgaard, & D. Schlosberg (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Climate Change and Society. Oxford University Press.
SEI, IISD, ODI, E3G, & UNEP. (2021). The Production Gap Report 2021. https://productiongap.org/2021report/
Semieniuk, G., Holden, P. B., Mercure, J.-F., Salas, P., Pollitt, H., Jobson, K., Vercoulen, P., Chewpreecha, U., Edwards, N. R., & Viñuales, J. E. (2022). “Stranded fossil-fuel assets translate to major losses for investors in ad-vanced economies”. Nature Climate Change, 12(6), 532–538. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-022-01356-y
Wood Mackenzie. (2020). Australia Oil & Gas Industry Outlook Report. https://appea.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Australia-Oil-and-Gas-Industry-Outlook-Report.pdf
WRI, & WBCSD. (2021). GHG Protocol: Global Protocol for Community-Scale Greenhouse Gas Inventories. https://ghgprotocol.org/sites/default/files/standards/GPC_Full_MASTER_RW_v7.pdf
Téléchargements
Publiée
Numéro
Rubrique
Licence
Les auteurs et autrices qui publient dans cette revue acceptent les conditions suivantes :
- Les auteurs et autrices conservent leurs droits d’auteur et accordent à la revue le droit de première publication de leur œuvre. Celle-ci est simultanément soumise à la licence Creative Commons Attribution – Partage dans les mêmes conditions 4.0 International, qui autorise l’utilisation, la modification et la diffusion de l’œuvre à toute fin, à condition que la paternité de l’œuvre soit reconnue et que, lorsque des modifications ou des développements sont réalisés à partir de celle-ci, l’œuvre dérivée soit diffusée sous la même licence.
- Les auteurs et autrices peuvent conclure d’autres accords de licence non exclusive pour la diffusion de la version publiée de leur œuvre (par exemple, en la déposant dans une archive institutionnelle en ligne ou en la publiant dans un ouvrage collectif ou monographique).
- Les auteurs et autrices sont autorisés et encouragés à diffuser leur travail sur Internet (par exemple, dans des archives institutionnelles en ligne ou sur leur site personnel) avant et pendant le processus de soumission. Cette pratique peut favoriser des échanges scientifiques fructueux et accroître le nombre de citations de l’œuvre publiée. (Voir L’effet du libre accès).





